Cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients who are obese or overweight: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled

Backgroun|D: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as an effective therapeutic class for weight loss. However, the efficacy of these agents in cardiovascular endpoints among patients who are obese or overweight requires additional investigation. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GLP-1 RAs vs. placebo in patients who are obese or overweight. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase were searched. A random-effects model was used to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 12 RCTs were included, with 12,908 patients. Compared with placebo, GLP-1 RAs were associated with significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (MD -4.45 mmHg; 95% CI -5.31, -3.60; p<0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (MD -1.43 mmHg; 95% CI -2.63, -0.22; p=0.02). There were no significant differences between groups for unstable angina (UA) (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.29-2.84; p=0.86), stroke (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.28-1.49; p=0.30), atrial fibrillation (AF) (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.33-2.30; p=0.78), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.17-1.90; p=0.36), or deep vein thrombosis (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.08-2.65; p=0.38). CONCLUSION: In patients who are overweight or obese, GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with a neutral effect on the incidence of UA, stroke, AF, MI, and deep vein thrombosis.

Cardiovascular impact of cancer in patients with atrial fibrillation on warfarin: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: The impact of cancer on patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on warfarin remains a topic of ongoing debate. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the effect of cancer in patients with AF on warfarin. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for eligible trials. Random-effects model was used to calculate the risk ratios (RRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio version 4.2.3. RESULTS: Five trials comprising 90,572 patients were included, of whom 12,239 (13.5%) had a personal history of cancer. The patient population had an average age of 72.7 years and 59.6% were male. A history of cancer was associated with a significant increase in any bleeding (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.15- 1.53; p<0.01). There were no significant differences between groups for stroke (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.86- 1.29; p=0.61), major bleeding (RR 1.44; 95% CI 0.95-2.18; p=0.09), cardiovascular (CV) death (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.59-1.41; p=0.67), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR 1.42; 95% CI 0.96-2.10; p=0.08), gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (RR 1.74; 95% CI 0.77-3.92; p=0.18), or all-cause death (RR 1.57; 95% CI 0.99-2.49; p=0.06). CONCLUSION: Among patients with AF on warfarin, a history of cancer is associated with an increased risk of any bleeding, with no significant effect on stroke, major bleeding, CV death, MI, GI bleeding, and all-cause death.